The Five Pillars of Islam are the core beliefs and practices that form the foundation of a Muslim’s faith and way of life. They are considered essential acts of worship and devotion for every Muslim.
1. Shahada (Faith)
This is the declaration of faith, the fundamental creed of Islam.
Muslims believe in the oneness of God (Allah) and that Muhammad (PBUH) is his messenger.
The Shahada is: “Ashhadu allaa ilaha illallah wa ashhadu anna Muhammadar Rasulullah” which translates to “I bear witness that there is no deity (none truly to be worshipped) but Allah, and I bear witness that Muhammad (PBUH) is the messenger of Allah.”
2. Salah (Prayer)
Muslims are required to perform ritual prayers (Salah) five times a day. These prayers are observed at specific times:
pre-dawn (Fajr), midday (Dhuhr), afternoon (Asr), sunset (Maghrib), and evening (Isha). The prayers involve specific physical postures and recitations from the Quran.
3. Zakat (Charity)
Muslims are obligated to give a portion of their wealth to those in need. Zakat is a form of almsgiving and charity aimed at helping the less fortunate. It’s usually calculated as a fixed percentage of one’s accumulated wealth and possessions and is distributed to the poor and needy.
4. Sawm (Fasting)
Fasting during the month of Ramadan is an important pillar of Islam. Muslims abstain from eating, drinking, smoking, and engaging in sinful behaviors from dawn until sunset. The fast is broken each day with the evening meal called “Iftaar.” Fasting is a way to spiritually cleanse oneself and develop self-discipline.
5. Hajj (Pilgrimage)
Muslims who are physically and financially able are required to undertake a pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca in Saudi Arabia at least once in their lifetime. This pilgrimage, known as Hajj, takes place during the Islamic month of Dhul-Hijjah. It involves a series of rituals performed in and around Mecca, commemorating the actions of the Prophet Ibrahim [Abraham] (PBUH) and his family.
These Five Pillars serve as the framework for a Muslim’s relationship with Almighty God, their fellow human beings, and the world around them. They provide a structure for spiritual growth, ethical behavior, and community engagement.