Fard, or the Obligatory Prayers in Islam
In Islam, praying is considered the supreme act of worship and the ultimate way of demonstrating servitude to Allah. There is a set of specific rules and regulations, such as timings, frequency and direction, associated with different prayers in Islam. These prayers provide Muslims with a way of expressing their love, respect and gratitude toward the almighty, Allah.
1. Morning Prayer (Dawn Prayer, Salat al-Fajr)
Salat al-Fajr consists of four rakahs (units) including two obligatory rakahs and two Sunnah rakahs. During the morning prayer, Sunnah rakahs are performed first followed by the obligatory rakahs.
2. Noon Prayer (Salat al-Zuhr)
Salat al-Zuhr is composed of 10 rakahs including four obligatory rakahs and six Sunnah rakahs. During the afternoon prayer, the four Sunnah rakahs are performed first, followed by four obligatory rakahs, and ending with two last Sunnah rakahs.
3. Late Afternoon Prayer (Salat al-Asr)
Salat al-Asr consists of eight rakahs. The four Sunnah rakahs are performed first and then four obligatory rakahs.
4. Sunset Prayer (Salat al-Maghrib)
Salat al-Maghrib is observed by performing three obligatory rakahs first, followed by the two Sunnah rakahs.
5. Night Prayer (Salat al-‘Isha)
Salat al-‘Isha is observed by performing the four Sunnah rakahs first, and then the four obligatory rakahs, followed by the two last Sunnah rakahs.
It is sinful to miss out on performing obligatory prayers intentionally. However, if the prayer is missed due to forgetfulness or some other unavoidable circumstances, then the missed prayer can be offered as soon as possible.
The Friday Prayer (Salat al-Jum’ah)
This prayer is performed on Friday instead of the Noon Prayer.
Funeral Prayer (Janazah)
It is composed of prayer and invocation for a deceased Muslim. There is no prostration (Sajdah) or bowing down (Ruku). The funeral prayer is a collective obligation, it is obligatory on the community